NOTE: [PDF] links require the Acrobat Reader from Adobe.

1998 Polaris Indy Trail: An Entry to Minnesota State University, Mankato
Abstract: Site to purchase details on an entry in the SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge 2001.
Source: Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Article/report

Air Quality Concerns Related to Snowmobile Usage in National Parks [PDF]
Abstract: National Park Service report
Source: National Park Service
Resource Type: Article/report

Biofuels for Sustainable Transportation [PDF]
Abstract: Information on alternative-fuel systems.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy's National Biofuels Program
Resource Type: Web site

Clean Snowmobile Facts
Abstract: Presents objective and balanced information about all aspects of the debate over snowmobile emissions and access to national parks and other public lands.
Source: Montana Department of Environmental Quality
Resource Type: Web site

Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Snowcoaches, 1997 and 2001 Snowmobiles and 2001 Clean Snowmobile Challenge New Technology Applications
Abstract: Information on emissions event at Snowmobile Challenge 2001.
Source: Department of Environmental Quality
Resource Type: Article/report

Creating a Cleaner Snowmobile
Abstract: Site to purchase technical snowmobiling paper.
Source: Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Article/report

Development and Validation of a Snowmobile Emission Test Procedure
Abstract: Site to purchase this technical paper on snowmobiling.
Source: Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Article/report

Do Ethanol-Blended Fuels Reduce Snowmobile Tailpipe Emissions
Abstract: Easy to understand summary of research that documents a reduction in carbon monoxide emissions from snowmobiles with the use of ethanol blended fuels.
Source: Western Regional Biomass Energy Program
Resource Type: Article/report

Effects of Snowmobile Use on Snowpack Chemistry in Yellowstone National Park, 1998
Abstract: U.S. Geological survey research abstract.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Resource Type: Article/report

Environmental Assessment for Snowmobile Rulemaking Released
Abstract: evaluates two possible Alternatives related to the future use of snowmobiles in Mount Rainier National Park and examines the potential impacts that could result from each of the alternatives.
Source: National Park Service
Resource Type: Article/report

Final Snowmobile Reguations for Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks Published in Federal Register
Abstract: Announcement of phase out of recreational snowmobiling in Yellowstone National Park and most of Grand Teton National Park.
Source: National Park Service
Resource Type: Article/report

How Two-Stroke Engines Work
Abstract: Explains how two-stroke engines operate and their advantages and disadvantages.
Source: How Stuff Works
Resource Type: Article/report

Laboratory Testing of Snowmobile Emissions [PDF]
Abstract: Report of snowmobile emissions testing program.
Source: Montana DEQ
Resource Type: Article/report

Nonroad Recreational Vehicle Technologies and Costs [PDF]
Abstract: Assesses economic implications of adopting emissions controls on currently unregulated nonroad recreational vehicles.
Source: EPA
Resource Type: Article/report

Proposal for Cleaner Recreational Vehicles
Abstract: Information on rule-making process.
Source: EPA
Resource Type: Article/report

Prototype Snowmobile Cuts Pollution
Abstract: CSU engineering students have designed a snowmobile that decreases pollution by more than 99 percent, cuts fuel consumption 35 percent, reduces noise to conversational levels and matches the power of today's top performing commercial machines.
Source: ENS
Resource Type: Article/report

Real-time Remote Sensing of Snowmobiles Emissions at Yellowstone National Park: An Oxygenated Fuel Study
Abstract: Documentation of measurement of snowmobile emissions in Yellowstone National Park.
Source: Western Regional Biomass Energy Program
Resource Type: Article/report

Recreational Vehicles
Abstract: Advance notice of proposed ruelmaking on snowmobile emissions.
Source: EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Resource Type: Web site

Reduction in Emissions and Noise from a 500 cc Snowmobile
Abstract: Site to purchase copy of technical snowmobile paper.
Source: Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Article/report

Reformulated Gasoline and Your Snowmobile
Abstract: How to use reformulated gasoline to reduce pollution from snowmobiles.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Resource Type: Article/report

Revolution 954
Abstract: Stats on Redline Snowmobile's 954 Revolution, a 4-stroke snowmobile available model year 2003
Source: Redline Snowmobile
Resource Type: Fact sheet/checklist

SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge
Abstract: Information, results, and press releases on a collegiate design competition that challenges engineering students to design a cleaner and quieter snowmobile.
Source: Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Web site

Snowpack Chemistry as an Indicator of Pollutant Emission Levels from Motorized Winter Vehicles in Yellowstone National Park
Abstract: Research abstract performed by U.S. Geological Survey.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Resource Type: Article/report

Solutions: Oxygenated Fuels
Abstract: Easy to understand summary of studies documenting the reduction of snowmobile pollution through the use of ten percent ethanol blended fuel.
Source: Department of Environmental Quality
Resource Type: Article/report

Solutions: Oxygenated Fuels
Abstract: Explores utilizing ethanol mixtures to power snowmobiles to reduce emissions.
Source: Montana DEQ
Resource Type: Fact sheet/checklist

State Associations
Abstract: Links to state snowmobile associations.
Source: American Council of Snowmobile Associations
Resource Type: List

State Says Studies Show Snowmobiles Quieter
Abstract: Report on state-commissioned study related to noise produced by snowmobiles.
Source: MontanaForum.com
Resource Type: Article/report

The SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge 2001 - Summary and Results
Abstract: Articulation of goals and successes of engineering competition.
Source: Montana Department of Environmental Quality
Resource Type: Article/report

The Snowmobile Dilemma, or, Who Spilled What in the Regrigerator vs. Who's Going to Clean It Up?
Abstract: Experience with snowmobile pollution in West Yellowstone, Montana
Source: Department of Environmental Quality
Resource Type: Article/report

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Abstract: A membership organization representing engineers of mobility systems in 97 countries and serving as a resource for technical information and expertise used in designing, building, maintaining, and operating self-propelled vehicles for use on land, sea, air or space.
Source: The Society of Automotive Engineers
Resource Type: Web site

Two Stroke and Four Stroke Engines
Abstract: Describes the differences between these two types of motors.
Source:
Resource Type: Fact sheet/checklist

Two-Stroke Engine Principles
Abstract: References information on how two-stroke engines work.
Source: Montana DEQ
Resource Type: Article/report

Where the Snowmobiles Roam
Abstract: Article about issues related to Snowmobiles in National Parks.
Source: Washington Post
Resource Type: Article/report

Winter Use Plans Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Memorial Parkway
Abstract: Environmental Impact Statement documenting the NPS decision to phase-out the recreational use of snowmobiles in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.
Source: National Park Service
Resource Type: Article/report

The P2Rx Topic Hub Project was developed by:

The Clean Snowmobiles Topic Hub was developed by: Peaks to Prairies Contact Laura Estes (Peaks) 406-994-3451 or laurae@montana.edu